Education and second-generation right

 Education and second-generation right

 

We should begin from the discourse of john Locke if we search the journey of educational rights. Locke emerged human rights for life, freedom, and property against Hoobe’s theory which had no rights for human beings. There is three-generation for history. After a long period, humans got the right to civil, political, and citizen. It is known as a first-generation right. The second-generation right is social and economic right in the work and livelihood. 

Demands for ethnics and religious minorities to organize and lead their life according to their culture was for third-generation right. Right to education came under the second generation after the second world war UN expand these demands through the country. UNESCO took more steps for social and economic rights. UN declared, there should not be any discrimination between the people.  Article 26 in the universal declaration. 

1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

 

2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. 

3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. International covenant on the right to social and economic rights opened a new door to humans to access education. It promotes education as a fundamental freedom.

When it be the individual freedom, the one who refused access to education-based any discrimination have priority to fight against it. Universal declaration allowed to them. As well as the economic problem should not be the reason to prevent education. Whenever start ready to give free education, the poor background students can able to achieve an education. UN promotes peace and Internation human personality development through education. People only know about their rights if they are educated. 

Educational rights in India. 

We have to discuss, how the third generation right applied in our country. The national education policy in 1986 which revised in 1992 had succeeded some in the enrich elementary education by compulsory education until 14 years. And government provided more schemes to promote education to all people, like Sarva Shiksha Abayan, district elementary education plan in 1994, providing mid-day meals, developing school facilities, unform structure, outside the school for those who are not able to reach school. For adults, 15 to 35 age provided the national literacy mission.

The literacy rate increased through these schemes. It increased from 43.6 in 1981 to 52.21 in 1991. and 65.5 in 2001. in the rural area from 36 to 59 between 1991 to 2001. for more improvement government passed the bill in 2001 that free and compulsory education.

Even if we talking about the education rights raised in India, it is easy to find many failures of the education system. Nowadays all Indians can’t able to reach primary and higher education because of many social discrimination. The right to fight for an individual still has remained in India.